MRI Image Production: Physical Principles of Image Formation

This course provides a comprehensive foundation in the principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), guiding learners through the scientific concepts and technological processes that enable high-resolution imaging. Beginning with an introduction to MRI components and atomic structure, the course explores advanced topics like electromagnetic interactions, signal generation, and phase, frequency, and spatial encoding. Each lesson builds on prior knowledge, equipping students with the skills to understand and apply MRI principles in clinical practice while emphasizing safety and image optimization.

Topics Covered: MRI machine components and process, atomic structure and MR-active nuclei, electromagnetic spectrum and safety considerations, magnetic properties, alignment, and resonance, signal generation, relaxation, and pulse sequences, magnetic susceptibility and field interactions, gradient mechanisms, spatial encoding, and image resolution

1. Describe the fundamental principles of MRI technology, including the identification of MRI machine components, their roles in the imaging process, and the advantages and disadvantages of MRI compared to other diagnostic imaging techniques.

2. Explain the role of atomic structure and magnetic properties in MRI imaging, focusing on the significance of hydrogen nuclei, the properties of MR-active nuclei, and the principles of spin, precession, and Larmor frequency.

3. Analyze the interaction of electromagnetic waves and magnetic fields in MRI, including the principles of the electromagnetic spectrum, the use of resonance and RF excitation pulses, and safety considerations related to electromagnetic wave exposure.

4. Understand the generation and characteristics of MR signals, including the concepts of net magnetization vector (NMV), precession, relaxation processes (T1 and T2), and the application of Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws to understand signal induction and free induction decay (FID).

5. Understand spatial encoding techniques in MRI, encompassing slice-selection, frequency encoding, phase encoding, and the roles of gradient coils in determining spatial resolution and image quality.

6. Evaluate the factors influencing MRI contrast and image optimization, focusing on the differences between T2 and T2* decay, the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities, and the impact of tissue properties and field strength on relaxation times and signal intensity.